몽골 울란바토르 근교 산림과 초지 토양의 이화학적 특성

The soil physicochemical characteristics of forest and grassland near Ulaanbaatar where forest degradation has been conducted severely were analyzed and compared. The organic matter content of grassland soil was 17.0%, which was significantly higher than that of forest soil (p<0.05). The organic matter content was higher with lower elevation (R2=0.742) and higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R2=0.597). As for CEC, grassland soils had an average of 35.3cmolc + kg-1, which was significantly higher than forest soils (p<0.05). The average value of base saturation ranged from 62.4 to 129.7% with many sample sites indicating the values over 100%. As the base saturation became higher with increase in pH values (R2=0.665). Total nitrogen content ranged from 0.05 to 0.93% and was higher in grassland soil than in forest (p<0.05). The total nitrogen content was higher as the organic matter content was higher (R2=0.699) and the C/N ratio was 28.8∼43.0 for forest soil and 12.8∼18.4 for grassland soil, respectively (p<0.05). As a result of correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties, organic matter content and total nitrogen, organic matter content and total phosphorus, organic matter content and CEC, soil pH and base saturation were positively correlated each other. CEC and ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and total phosphorus, C/N ratio and base saturation showed negative correlations (p<0.05). The heavy metal content was the highest of zinc and lead, but much lower than an urban area. These results are expected to be useful in monitoring the forest restoration processes in Mongolia.