Полевая всхожесть семян и выживаемость растений ячменя как показатели адаптации к меняющимся условиям среды

Presented results of studies on the variability of field germination and survival of barley's varieties during the vegetable season in the agro-ecological conditions of the agricultural zone of the Tyumen region. In 2007-2014 years on the experimental biological station “Lake Kuchak” of the Tyumen State University (Tyumen region, Nizhnetavdinsky district) was studied 622 samples of barley from the world collection the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry. The type of soil of the experimental plot is sodium-podzolic cultivated, sandy loam granulometric composition. The reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral (pH = 6.6), the humus content of 3.67 %. Revealed germination varied considerably over the years and for the collection of samples, indicating that the dependence of this parameter from heat and moisture during seed germination. The varieties Acha and Kedr on the average for the proportion of full years of research germination in relation to sow seeds was 72.9 and 74.6 %, respectively (average of all collection 65.8 %). Relatively high adaptive properties of culture to environmental factors confirmed the average survival rate of plants in various weather conditions for years, amounted to 81.3 %. On the example of two varieties of barley installed specificity reaction to multidirectional selection on seed size, manifested for germination and survival of plants. Differences identified among varieties for formation quantitative trait the weight of 1000 grains, as well as economically important degree of genetic variability conditionality of this feature. We determined varieties of barley that have combined high germination of seeds and ability of plants to withstand adverse environmental factors during growth and development.