Homocysteine as a non-classical risk factor for atherosclerosis in relation to pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus

AimsThe aim of our study was to evaluate which of the pharmacotherapeutic methods that are frequently used to treat type 2 diabetes is associated with the most beneficial profile in relation to pro-atherogenic homocysteine levels.Patients and methodsWe measured the serum homocysteine level in 182 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin (89), treated with insulin in combination with metformin (31), receiving sulfonulureas (31) and treated conventionally with insulin (31). The total homocysteine levels in the serum were assayed using commercial kits (Axis® Human Homocysteine ELISA Kit, IBL). To exclude the influence of selected metabolic and anthropometric factors on the differences between the examined groups, multivariate analysis of covariance was used (ANCOVA). In this analysis, serum homocysteine concentration was the dependent variable, while diabetes duration, waist circumference, HbA1c, 1.5-anhydro-D-glucitol, fasting glycaemia and peptide C were used as covariates.ResultsThe serum homocysteine levels in patients treated with insulin in monotherapy was significantly higher than what was observed in the metformin treated subjects and than in the patients receiving insulin combined with metformin. The analysis of covariance confirmed that the differences between the therapeutic groups were affected also by waist circumference and the C-peptide levels.Conclusion.We conclude that conventional insulin therapy may have negative effect on pro-atherogenic homocysteine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study revealed that not only pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes may modify pro-atherogenic homocysteine levels but also beta cell secretory function and abdominal obesity.