Current techniques for the study of troponin I phosphorylation in human heart.

Cardiac troponin I phosphorylation has been shown to be reduced in human heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using the increasingly popular Pro-Q® Diamond phosphoprotein gel stain. In this brief report I discuss the use of Western immunoblotting, non-equilibrium isoelectric focussing and Pro-Q® Diamond and introduce phosphate affinity SDS–PAGE using Phos-tag™-acrylamide for the investigation of troponin I phosphorylation.