Sustainable use of agricultural land

The agricultural production is influenced by several factors, among which the special place belongs to the natural economic factors. Since the agricultural activity is mostly performed in an open area, the natural factors (ecologic environment) are of primary importance. However, this doesn't mean that the economic factors (fixed funds, financial resources, labour force) should be underestimated. The economic activity in agriculture is, directly and indirectly, related to the land as its basic means of production and an important element of agricultural capital. The land is not only the basic factor of production, but it is also the basis of providing the food security of the population. In fact, it is the most precious natural resource on which the development of the rural communities and the survival of the rural families crucially depends. It has a special function determined by its role of an aria base for human activities. This work has presented the structure of use, melioration and the economic efficacy of land and has reviewed the Serbia and Montenegro (SCO), the others stales which appeared in the region of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the Counties of the Central and East Europe (CEE) and the European Union (EU). In the second part, a brief review of the main agricultural land protection, use and improvement policy instruments in domestic agricultural policy are elaborated, in parallel with its international founds - Concept of Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development -SARD and, specially interesting for our country as a future EU candidate, EU RDP Priority Axis 2 - Land Management.