Changes in masseter muscle fibers by liquid diet rearing in rabbits and recovery by chewing of solid diet

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of liquid diet on the development of masseter muscle fibers and whether the changes in the masseter muscle can be recovered by chewing of solid diet. Design Masseter muscles from 40 rabbits (solid- and liquid-diet groups, n = 30; unweaned group, n = 5; recovery group, n = 5) were histochemically examined at 4, 12, 18, and 33 weeks after birth. Six fiber types (I, IC, IIC, IIA, IIAB, and IIB) were distinguished via mATPase staining. Muscle fiber diameter and fiber type composition were measured and compared between groups. Results In the liquid diet group, the diameter of types IIAB (solid group: 81.7 μm, liquid group: 60.9 μm) and IIB (solid group: 89.3 μm, liquid group: 68.8 μm) and the fiber type composition of type I (solid group: 18.4%, liquid group: 9.6%) decreased significantly at 33 weeks of age. In the recovery group, the fiber type composition of type I fibers recovered to 16.5%, while no recovery of type IIAB (56.6 μm) and IIB (64.6 μm) fiber diameter was observed. Conclusions Liquid diet caused atrophy of muscle fibers and an increase in the proportion of fast-twitch fibers. Although the diameter and ratio of slow-twitch fibers were recovered by chewing of solid diet, recovery was not observed for fast-twitch fibers. Our findings are relevant for dental medicine as it explored the possibility of masticatory muscle function recovery by hard food.