Effects of calving month, pasture conditions and management on the growth of Holstein-Friesian × Ankole crossbred calves in a semi-arid rangeland

Daily weight gain of crossbred calves was studied in relation to seasonal changes in pasture quality and quantity, and management routines. A total of 171 and 56 calves were monitored up to the ages of 6 and 9 months, respectively, on ten farms in a semi-arid region of Uganda. Daily weight gains of calves were 288, 315 and 442 g/day at ages 0–2, 2–6 and 6–9 months, respectively. Average live weights of calves at ages 6 and 9 months were around 90 and 120 kg, respectively. Daily weight gain of calves at ages 6–9 months increased by 81 g for each additional percentage of crude protein in pasture (p 75 % Holstein-Friesian (HF) had 30 and 60 g lower daily weight gain, respectively, than crosses with 75 % HF and 25 % Ankole. Birth month (August–January) and the number of days with low pasture quantity (<800 kg dry matter (DM)/ha) had no significant effect on calf weight gain. A significantly higher weight gain was obtained for calves with the opportunity to suckle twice daily, compared with once. This indicates that suckling is beneficial for calves in semi-arid environments where seasonal pasture shortage regularly occurs.