Temperature dependent piezoelectric anisotropy in tetragonal 0.63Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.37PbTiO3 single crystal

In this work, we studied the temperature-dependent effective piezoelectric coefficient d 33 * along the arbitrary direction of a tetragonal 0.63Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.37PbTiO3 single crystal. Results show that the crystal changes from a rotator ferroelectrics with the maximum d 33 * occurring along the nonpolar direction to a extender type with maximum piezoelectricity along [001]C. Two polymorphic phase transitions, orthorhombic-tetragonal and tetragonal-cubic, greatly influence the PS dynamics, leading to the change of d 33 * anisotropy with temperature. The [011]C oriented crystals possess both improved piezoelectricity and high thermal stability, hence are the best choice for practical applications.