Oximetry-Guided normoxic resuscitation following canine cardiac arrest reduces cerebellar Purkinje neuronal damage

Abstract Background Animal studies indicate that maintaining physiologic O 2 levels (normoxia) immediately after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from cardiac arrest (CA) results in less hippocampal neuronal death compared to animals ventilated with 100% O 2 . This study tested the hypothesis that beneficial effects of avoiding hyperoxia following CA are apparent in the cerebellum and therefore not limited to one brain region. Methods Adult beagles were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Ventricular fibrillation CA was induced by electrical myocardial stimulation and cessation of ventilation. Ten min later, dogs were ventilated with 100% O 2 and resuscitated using 3 min of open chest CPR followed by defibrillation. Dogs were ventilated for 1 h with either 100% O 2 or with O 2 titrated rapidly to maintain hemoglobin O 2 saturation at 94–96%. FiO 2 was adjusted in both groups between one and 24 h post-arrest to maintain normoxic PaO 2 of 80–120 mm Hg. Following 24 h critical care, dogs were euthanized and cerebellum analyzed for histochemical measures of neuronal damage and inflammation. Results and Conclusions Hyperoxic resuscitation increased the number of injured Purkinje cells by 278% and the number of activated microglia/macrophages by 18% compared to normoxic resuscitation. These results indicate that normoxic resuscitation promotes favorable histopathologic outcomes in the cerebellum (in addition to hippocampus) following CA/ROSC. These findings emphasize the importance of avoiding unnecessary hyperoxia following CA/ROSC.