POLITIZAÇÃO, AMBIENTALIZAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL EM RESERVAS EXTRATIVISTAS

Esse artigo, resultante de pesquisas no contexto de duas Resex marinhas do estado do Para, Mae Grande do Curuca e Sao Joao da Ponta, trata de mudancas que vem ocorrendo no poder local, relacionadas a criacao de areas protegidas na Amazonia brasileira. Observa-se, entao, uma politizacao dos desafios locais, manifesta como resultado do trabalho realizado nos Conselhos Deliberativos, nos quais a mobilizacao das comunidades e o engajamento de seus representantes possibilitam debates que dizem respeito ao desenvolvimento de seu territorio conforme exigencias ambientais. Trata-se de uma dinâmica significativa de um desenvolvimento territorial que se beneficia de uma ambientalizacao geral gerada com a criacao das Reservas e do valor deliberativo dos compromissos de membros conselheiros como uma instância politica. Essa situacao constitui interessante oportunidade de analise das relacoes entre praticas de democracia local de tipo deliberativo e uma orientacao de desenvolvimento que inspira o engajamento dos atores locais em instituicoes novas, como os Conselhos Deliberativos. Palavras-chave: Politizacao e Acao Publica. Desenvolvimento Territorial. Ambientalizacao. Poder Local. Participacao e Deliberacao. POLITICIZATION, ENVIRONMENTALIZATION, AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT IN EXTRACTIVE RESERVES This article, based researches in the context of two marine extractive reserves in the state of Para, Mae Grande do Curuca and Sao Joao da Ponta, deals with the changes that has been occurring in local power related to the creation of protected areas of Brazilian Amazon. It is observed, therefore, a politicization of the local challenges, manifested as the result of the work done in the deliberative council, in which the communities mobilization and the engagement of its leaders make debates, about the development of their territory according to environmental demands, possible. This is a significant dynamic of territorial development that benefits itself from a general environmentalization emerged with the creation of reserves and with the deliberative value of compromise of council directors with a political instance. This situation constitutes an interesting opportunity for the analysis of the relations as practices of local deliberative democracy and as an orientation of development that inspires the engagement of local agents in new institutions, such as the deliberative councils. Key words:  Politicization and public action; Territorial development; Environmentalization; Local power; Engagement and deliberation POLITISATION, ENVIRONNEMENTALISATION ET DEVELOPPEMENT TERRITORIAL DANS DES RESERVES EXTRATIVISTES Cet article, qui est l’aboutissement de recherches faites dans le contexte de deux Resex (Reserves extrativistes) marines de l’etat du Para, Mae Grande do Curuca et Sao Joao da Ponta, analyse les changements operes au sein du pouvoir local, en accord avec la creation de zones protegees en Amazonie bresilienne. On observe alors une politisation des enjeux locaux qui se manifeste a la suite d’un travail realise par les Conseils Deliberatifs dans lesquels la mobilisation des communautes et l’engagement de leurs representants permettent des debats concernant le developpement de leur territoire tout en respectant les exigences environnementales. Il s’agit d’une dynamique significative d’un developpement territorial au benefice d’une environnementalisation generale qui a lieu grâce a la creation des Reserves et a la valeur deliberative des engagements des membres conseillers en tant qu’organe politique. Cette situation constitue une occasion interessante d’analyse des relations entre les pratiques de la democratie locale de type deliberatif et une orientation de developpement qui inspire l’engagement des acteurs locaux dans des institutions nouvelles telles que les Conseils Deliberatifs. Mots-cles:  Politisation et action publique; Developpement territorial; Environnementalisation; Pouvoir local; Participation et deliberation. Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo:  http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH:  http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-49792016000200003