Extraction and characterization of microfibrillated and nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste
2018
The tremendous increased in papermaking and cellulose production, which both sources from wood pulp has
resulted in severe exploitation of trees, leading to environmental problems, the deforestation. Besides, the reduction
of paper usage is rather not in the horizon. Thus, concerning with the environmental issue, the extraction of cellulose
from the paper waste can be an alternative initiative to mitigate the negative impact via reusability of paper waste. In
this study, the extraction of cellulose microfibers and nanofibers were achieved using office paper waste as the
source material. Alkali and bleaching treatments were employed for the extraction of cellulose fibers followed by
controlled-conditions of acid hydrolysis for the isolation of the cellulose nanofibers. The alkali treatment was carried
out using various concentrations of 2%, 4%, 8% and 16% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution while the bleaching
treatment was carried out using sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution. The extraction of nanofibrillated cellulose
was achieved using controlled-conditions of acid hydrolysis treatment with various concentrations of 5%, 15%, 30%
and 60% sulphuric acid (H2SO4). Structural and functional groups analysis was analyzed using Attenuated Total
Reflection Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) while imaging and morphological analysis was examined
using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR analysis indicated the lignin, ink,
fillers and other components were removed after alkali and bleaching treatments. Imaging analysis using optical
microscope showed a fibrous and rod-like structure of the extracted cellulose while TEM images showed that the
size of the cellulose extracted range from micro to nano size down to ~20-30 nm depending on the concentration of
acid used. The extraction of either microfibrillated or nanofibrillated cellulose from office paper waste in this work
might paves the way toward alternative reuse of office paper waste in cellulose materials production and application
Keywords:
- Correction
- Source
- Cite
- Save
- Machine Reading By IdeaReader
0
References
1
Citations
NaN
KQI