An Integrated Constructed Wetland System for Society

A constructed wetland is used to treat wastewater. It involves free water surface flow and subsurface flow. The subsurface system has two types of flow: horizontal flow and vertical flow. For treatment, wastewater and sewage from houses, industries, agriculture, etc. flow through the constructed wetland for removal of pollutants through the processes of sedimentation, filtration, and some chemical processes. This work describes pollutant removal using Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis with soil and sand. Samples were tested and their chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and levels of total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphate were determined. Further, computations in MATLAB software were used to validate hydraulic retention time coefficients of 96–144 hours for total phosphate and total nitrogen. The analysis revealed that the integrated wetland design is suitable for forming constructed wetlands in developing countries.