Bladder neck preservation improves time to continence after radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

// Xueyou Ma 1, * , Kun Tang 1, * , Chunguang Yang 1 , Guanqing Wu 1 , Nan Xu 1 , Meng Wang 1 , Xing Zeng 1 , Zhiquan Hu 1 , Ranran Song 2 , Bertram Yuh 3 , Zhihua Wang 1 , Zhangqun Ye 1 1 Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 2 Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 3 Division of Urologic Oncology, City of Hope National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Zhihua Wang, email: zhwang_hust@hotmail.com Keywords: bladder neck preservation, radical prostatectomy, prostate cancer, urinary incontinence, meta-analysis Received: June 13, 2016      Accepted: August 26, 2016      Published: September 13, 2016 ABSTRACT Bladder neck preservation (BNP) during radical prostatectomy (RP) may improve postoperative urinary continence, although its overall effectiveness remains controversial. We systematically searched PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, CBM and the Cochrane Library to identify studies published before February 2016 that assessed associations between BNP and post-RP urinary continence. Thirteen trials (1130 cases and 1154 controls) assessing BNP versus noBNP (or with bladder neck reconstruction, BNR) were considered suitable for meta-analysis, including two randomized controlled trials (RCT), six prospective and five retrospective studies. Meta-analysis demonstrated that BNP improved early urinary continence rates (6 mo, OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.21–2.27; P = 0.001) and long-term urinary continence outcomes (>12 mo, OR = 3.99; 95% CI, 1.94–8.21; P = 0.0002). Patients with BNP also had lower bladder neck stricture frequencies (OR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29–0.81; P = 0.006). Anastomotic leak rates, positive surgical margins and biochemical failure rates were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no differences in baseline characteristics except for a smaller average prostate volume (WMD = -2.24 ml; 95% CI, -4.27 to -0.22; P = 0.03) in BNP patients. Our analyses indicated that BNP during RP improved early recovery and overall long-term (1 year) urinary continence and decreased bladder neck stricture rates without compromising oncologic control.