A design framework for adaptive e-learning environment

This study proposes an adaptive e-learning environment design framework with a focus on learner personas. Following the TPACK model, this study puts forward a framework of Persona-based Technological Pedagogical Content Design (PTPCD). The framework of PTPCD guides designers of adaptive e-learning environment through suggested and recommended Technological Pedagogical Content to the target learners with matching persona intelligently or semiintelligently. Designers are suggested to select the indicators consciously based on the pedagogy, technology, and specific content. Using data mining techniques to label personalized classification, which leads to learner personas. The PTPCD has theoretical and practical implications for designers and researchers of adaptive e-learning environment. Future studies are suggested to demonstrate and complement the framework in practice.