Non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol curves in Argentinean indigenous children living at high altitude and US children

OBJECTIVE: To describe the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) as mean and percentiles by age and sex in Argentinean indigenous schoolchildren living at 3750 m, contrasting these estimates with those reported in the 2011-2012 National Center for Health Statistics reference population (NHANES). METHODS: Non-HDL-C was calculated as total cholesterol-HDL-C. Analyses incorporated sampling weights for age and sex to obtain unbiased estimates. Sex- and age-specific smoothed percentile curves were performed with Cole's LMS method. RESULTS: A total of 236 (49% males) children from San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC) were evaluated twice and compared with 1409 NHANES children. Non-HDL-C values were 4 mg/dL higher in SAC than in NHANES (109 vs 105 mg/dL, respectively). Trends in non-HDL-C 50th percentile in females differed between ages 6 to 7 and 8 years; in SAC non-HDL-C decreased from 111 to 104 mg/dL, NHANES levels remained stable from103 to 104 mg/dL. Among children aged 9 to10 years, non-HDL-C increased from 114 mg/dL to 117 mg/dL in SAC, but decreased from 113 to 107 mg/dL in NHANES. Between ages 12 and 13 years, non-HDL-C increased from 108 to 120 mg/dL in SAC, and remained steady from105 to 106 mg/dL in NHANES. The 50th percentile of non-HDL-C in males showed similar trends except for ages 6 to 7 to age 8 when non-HDL-C remained stable from 106 to 107 mg/dL in SAC, and increased from 98 mg/dL to 104 mg/dL in NHANES. CONCLUSIONS: Non-HDL-C levels in children vary with age, sex, ethnicity, and altitude. Different patterns in non-HDL-C were observed for girls in SAC compared with NHANES. However, more stable patterns were observed in boys in both groups.