Effects of Aerobic Versus Strengthening Exercises on Improvement of Balance, Bone Density and Quality of Life in Post Menopausal Women with Osteoporosis

Objectives: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise therapy on balance, bone density and life quality in women with primary osteoporosis and to compare two types of aerobic and strengthening exercises on improving the mentioned indexes. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 90 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis during an 18- month period were randomized into three groups of 30 people. All groups received mineral supplementation and anti bone loss medications. In second and third groups, aerobic and strengthening exercises were conducted for 9 months. Balance parameters including falling risk and postural instability of Biodex instrument and clinical measure of “timed up and go” (TUG) were determined. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar and femoral regions was measured by Densitometry. Quality of life was determined by SF36 questionnaire. Results: Although average BMD was significantly increased in all groups, mean of this increase in BMD of lumbar and femoral areas had no statistically significant difference among three groups (0.29 ± 0.19, 0.26 ± 0.25, 0.26±0.23, P=0.834). Significant recovery was noted in reduction of postural instability and TUG in two exercise groups, but with better improvement for aerobic team. Improving life quality has been demonstrated in all groups. Conclusions: Performing coherent 9-month exercise program in post menopause women increases strength, maintain balance and improve life quality compared to the women under medication alone. A subtle increase in bone density was observed among three groups without distinct difference, effects of which seems to be stronger by long-term exercise. Therefore combination of aerobic and strengthening exercises along with medication is recommended in this spectrum of patients.