In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on the Metabolism of Tirofiban

Tirofiban hydrochloride [l-tyrosine- N -(butylsulfonyl)- O -[4-(4-piperidinebutyl)] monohydrochloride, is a potent and specific fibrinogen receptor antagonist. Radiolabeled tirofiban was synthesized with either 3 H-label incorporated into the phenyl ring of the tyrosinyl residue or 14 C-label in the butane sulfonyl moiety. Neither human liver microsomes nor liver slices metabolized [ 14 C]tirofiban. However, male rat liver microsomes converted a limited amount of the substrate to a more polar metabolite (I) and a relatively less polar metabolite (II). The formation of I was sex dependent and resulted from an O -dealkylation reaction catalyzed by CYP3A2. Metabolite II was identified as a 2-piperidone analog of tirofiban. There was no evidence for Phase II biotransformation of tirofiban by microsomes fortified with uridine-5′-diphospho-α-d-glucuronic acid. After a 1 mg/kg i.v. dose of [ 14 C]tirofiban, recoveries of radioactivity in rat urine and bile were 23 and 73%, respectively. Metabolite I and unchanged tirofiban represented 70 and 30% of the urinary radioactivity, respectively. Tirofiban represented >90% of the biliary radioactivity. At least three minor biliary metabolites represented the remainder of the radioactivity. One of them was identified as I. Another was identified as II. When dogs received 1 mg/kg i.v. of [ 3 H]tirofiban, most of the radioactivity was recovered in the feces as unchanged tirofiban. The plasma half-life of tirofiban was short in both rats and dogs, and tirofiban was not concentrated in tissues other than those of the vasculature and excretory organs.