Intrinsic transcriptional heterogeneity in B cells controls early class switching to IgE

Noncoding transcripts originating upstream of the immunoglobulin constant region (I transcripts) are required to direct activation-induced deaminase to initiate class switching in B cells. Differential regulation of Ie and Iγ1 transcription in response to interleukin 4 (IL-4), hence class switching to IgE and IgG1, is not fully understood. In this study, we combine novel mouse reporters and single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the heterogeneity in IL-4–induced I transcription. We identify an early population of cells expressing Ie but not Iγ1 and demonstrate that early Ie transcription leads to switching to IgE and occurs at lower activation levels than Iγ1. Our results reveal how probabilistic transcription with a lower activation threshold for Ie directs the early choice of IgE versus IgG1, a key physiological response against parasitic infestations and a mediator of allergy and asthma.