Viscosity-controlled printing of supramolecular-polymeric hydrogels via dual-enzyme catalysis

Hybrid hydrogels based on a guanidinium-containing oligopeptide are prepared via two dual-enzyme-triggered and simultaneous processes—self-assembly and polymerization. Furthermore, an extended time window is available for in situ viscosity-controlled 3D printing. In vivo hemostatic experiments elucidate that this guanidinium-containing hydrogel can accelerate the hemostasis process.