Pathophysiology of recruit ventilation and its effect on the respiration biomechanics (review of the literature)

In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) lungs consist of aeration zones and zones of alveolar collapse, which lead to intrapulmonary shunting and hypoxemia. ALV may increase alveolar collaps and potentially lead to lung damage arising out of displacing surfaces tension between aerated and collapsed lung parts and re-closing and opening of the alveoli. Based on the strategy of the "open lung" the recruitment maneuver can be used to achieve the alveolar recruitment, while PEEP prevents alveolar collapse. There are many recrutment types, including a long inflated to a higher pressure, reccuring breath, gradual increase of PEEP, and PIP etc. Data on the use of recruitment in ARDS patients, show varied results with increased efficiency in patients with early ARDS, good complaisance of the chest and extrapulmonary Genesis of lung damage. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological basis of recruitment use, recent evidence and contradictions of the application of this method.