New lignans and a phenylpropanoid from Triadica rotundifolia and their antineuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities

Abstract Three new compounds (1‒3), including a phenylpropanoid (1), a bistetrahydrofuran lignin (2), and a lignan dimer (3), and seven known lignans (4‒10), were isolated from an EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Triadica rotundifolia. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. New compounds 1−3 were evaluated for their antineuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Research on the antineuroinflammatory activity suggested that compounds 2 and 3 had significant inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced BV-2 cells, with the IC50 values of 15.7 and 5.8 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds 2 and 3 exhibited better DPPH free radical scavenging activities with EC50 values of 2.0 and 4.3 μM, respectively, than the positive control vitamin C (EC50 = 14.3 μM).