High-Resolution Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Monitoring Breast Cancer Treatment Response

Rationale and Objectives The aim of this work was to compare a high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (HR-DWI) acquisition (voxel size = 4.8 mm 3 ) to a standard diffusion-weighted imaging (STD-DWI) acquisition (voxel size = 29.3 mm 3 ) for monitoring neoadjuvant therapy-induced changes in breast tumors. Materials and Methods Nine women with locally advanced breast cancer were imaged with both HR-DWI and STD-DWI before and after 3 weeks (early treatment) of neoadjuvant taxane-based treatment. Tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics (mean and histogram percentiles) from both DWI methods were calculated, and their relationship to tumor volume change after 12 weeks of treatment (posttreatment) measured by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated with a Spearman's rank correlation. Results The HR-DWI pretreatment 15th percentile tumor ADC ( P  = .03) and early treatment 15th, 25th, and 50th percentile tumor ADCs ( P  = .008, .010, .04, respectively) were significantly lower than the corresponding STD-DWI percentile ADCs. The mean tumor HR-ADC was significantly lower than STD-ADC at the early treatment time point ( P = .02), but not at the pretreatment time point ( P = .07). A significant early treatment increase in tumor ADC was found with both methods ( P Conclusion These initial results suggest that the HR-DWI technique has potential for improving characterization of low tumor ADC values over STD-DWI and that HR-DWI may be of value in evaluating tumor change with treatment.