Воздействие поверхностных гравитационных волн на прибрежные океанотехнические сооружения

For reliable and long-term exploitation of ocean-technical facilities, such as towers and platforms, it is necessary to have the estimates of parameters of extreme influences from storm surface waves at their approaching the near coastal zone. Non-linear surface waves, occurring at severe storms, are mainly associated with the coastal zone of the Azov-Black sea basin, where the interaction of moving waves with the braking surface of the bed takes place. As a result of friction on the bed, the nearest to it part of the wave is braked, and the wave profile starts changing that is revealed in the increase of height of the wave, reduction of its length, the emergence of a moving crest and the breaking of the wave. Nonlinear effects of the surface gravity waves appear at the interaction of the moving wave with the bed surface. Preliminary calculations of wave parameters for the range of depths, where the interaction with the bed is shown slightly, are determined by numerical methods based on the application package ‘’SWAN’’. The calculations of wave parameters are carried out on the basis of the empirical and half-empirical relations, given in the paper. The transformation of the system of storm waves, which have spread during the storm on November 08, 2007 eastwards to the coast of the Western Crimea, is considered as a specific example. Within the unified technique and the concrete example, the whole complex of calculations, connected with the transformation of storm waves at their entering the shallow depths and the formation of impact loads during the breaking of such waves was determined. The obtained results should be viewed as preliminary estimates with a significant amount of assumptions. Nevertheless, because of insufficient study of the problem and, considering the compliance of results with independent sources, they can be used in the problems related to the evaluation of the impact of storm waves on coastal ocean-technical and hydro-technical facilities and installations.