Anatomic and physiological responses of Panicum aquaticum related to cadmium tolerance

This study evaluated anatomic and physiological modifications in Panicum aquaticum plants related to cadmium (Cd) tolerance. The plants were cultivated in a nutritive solution, with addition of increasing concentration of Cd. The following parameters were analyzed: absorption, translocation, concentration and Cd accumulation, growth, gas exchanges, activity of the antioxidant system, and anatomy of roots and leaves. Absorption and Cd concentration increased throughout the treatments, while accumulation and Cd translocation did not vary, due to maintenance of the biomass. Gas exchanges were not affected by Cd. Specific foliar area increased in the presence of the metal, and might be related to the reduction in leaf blade thickness and chlorophyllic parenchyma. Modifications in stomatal characteristics did not negatively affect gas exchanges. An increase in the exodermis and endodermis thickness restricted Cd translocation to the aerial part, avoiding damages to the photosynthetic system. Activity of the ascorbate peroxidase and catalase in the root contributed to a reduction in the metal toxicity. P. aquaticum presented an efficient capacity for Cd absorption, but restricted translocation. Cd accumulation was higher in the roots. Anatomic and physiological responses show a tolerance of the species to Cd in the evaluated concentrations.