Malestar psicológico en mujeres con obesidad con y sin riesgo de trastorno alimentario

2017 
espanolLa Organizacion Mundial de la Salud plantea que las tasas de incidencia y prevalencia de obesidad estan alcanzando cifras alarmantes a nivel mundial. A su vez, esta enfermedad trae aparejadas importantes consecuencias a nivel fisico, psicologico y social. Una de las complicaciones mas habituales en el tratamiento de la obesidad es que suele coexistir con trastornos alimentarios y esta asociada a un intenso malestar psicologico. Trabajos previos han comparado pacientes con obesidad con y sin trastorno alimentario, mostrando que los primeros exhiben tasas mas elevadas de malestar psicologico en relacion con quienes solo presentan obesidad. El objetivo del estudio es identificar riesgo de trastorno alimentario (tales como Trastorno por Atracon, Bulimia Nerviosa o Sindrome de Comedor Nocturno) en mujeres con diagnostico de obesidad y comparar los niveles de malestar psicologico entre aquellas pacientes con y sin riesgo de trastorno alimentario. La muestra de tipo incidental esta conformada por 65 mujeres entre 18 y 65 anos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires con diagnostico de obesidad segun los criterios de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud en etapa inicial de tratamiento para esta enfermedad. Las participantes completaron voluntariamente las Sub-escalas de riesgo del Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) y el Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90). Se conformaron dos grupos: pacientes con riesgo de trastorno alimentario (grupo RTA) y pacientes sin riesgo de trastorno alimentario (grupo NRTA). Los resultado del estudio revelan que el 50.8% de la muestra presento riesgo de trastorno alimentario. Se compararon ambos grupos respecto al malestar psicologico y se hallaron diferencias significativas en todas las sub-escalas del SCL-90-R asi como en el Indice Global de Severidad. Es llamativo el alto porcentaje de riesgo de trastorno alimentario en mujeres con obesidad. Asimismo, el elevado nivel de malestar psicologico en pacientes con obesidad que presentan riesgo de trastorno alimentario da cuenta de la necesidad de realizar tratamientos especificos que incluyan estos factores, en tanto pueden interferir en el tratamiento de la obesidad y afectar seriamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. EnglishThe World Health Organization raises that the incidence and prevalence of obesity rates are reaching alarming levels in most countries. This disease has important physical, psychological and social consequences. One of the most common complications in obesity treatment is that it usually co-exists with eating disorders and intense psychological distress. Previous studies have compared obese patients at risk and non-risk for eating disorder, showing that obese patients at risk have higher levels of psychological distress compared to those who are only obese. The aim of the study is to identify risk of eating disorder (such as Binge Eating Disorder, Bulimia Nervosa and Night Eating Syndrome) and then compare psychological distress in obese patients at risk and non-risk for eating disorder. The opportunity sample included 65 obese women (according to World Health Organization criteria) aged 18 to 65 from Buenos Aires. Patients were in the initial stage of obesity treatment. They voluntarily completed the three subscales of risk of Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90). Two groups were formed: patients at risk for eating disorder (RED group) and patients at non-risk for eating disorder (NRED group). The 50.8% of the sample was at risk for eating disorder. Both groups were compared with respect to psychological distress and significant differences were found in all sub-scales of SCL-90-R as well as in the Global Severity Index. The high percentage of risk of eating disorder in obese women is striking. Eating disorders and psychological distress could interfere in treatment as well as affect seriously quality of life of obese patients. Also, high levels of psychological distress in obese patients that present risk of eating disorder indicate the need of specific treatment that includes these factors.
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