Diabetes Mellitus: Perspectivas para diagnóstico e terapêutica a partir de edição genética por CRISPR-CAS9. | Diabetes Mellitus: Perspectives for diagnosis and therapy based on CRISPR-CAS9 genetic editing.

Objetivo : abordar as diferentes aplicacoes da ferramenta de edicao genica “Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats” (CRISPR) e “crispr associated protein-9” (Cas9) na caracterizacao, prevencao, susceptibilidade genetica, diagnostico e terapeutica da diabetes mellitus (DM). Fonte de dados: foi realizado um levantamento bibliografico das publicacoes disponiveis nas bases da National Library of Medicine (NIH – PubMed), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) e Scholar Google dos ultimos 20 anos, priorizando publicacoes dos ultimos 5 anos. Sintese dos dados : considerando que a DM e uma doenca cronica de carater metabolico sob influencia de variantes geneticas e, muitas vezes, associadas a interacoes ambientais, com altos indices epidemiologicos de incidencia e prevalencia no Brasil e no mundo e tendo diversas limitacoes na pratica clinica e diagnostica, ferramentas inovadoras de edicao genica possuem potencial para contribuir positivamente na problematica da DM como a CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR e um sistema de manipulacao genica sitio-especifico guiado por RNA e inspirado no funcionamento do sistema imune bacteriano que tem apresentado resultados promissores para estudo de diversas doencas.  Conclusao : o sistema CRISPR-Cas9, apesar de algumas limitacoes tecnicas e eticas, e promissor em virtude de sua sensibilidade e especificidade, sendo uma alternativa aos metodos classicos para compreensao das bases geneticas e fisiopatologicas da DM e que permite desenvolver e aplicar modelos de estudo aplicados a elucidacao de novas e mais eficientes estrategias de diagnostico e tratamento. Palavras-chave : diabetes mellitus; crispr-cas9; diagnostico; terapeutica; edicao genica.  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract Objective : Adress the different applications of the “Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats” (CRISPR) and “crispr associated protein-9” (Cas9) gene editing tool in the characterization, prevention, genetic susceptibility, diagnosis and therapeutic of diabetes mellitus (DM). Data sources : A bibliographic survey of the publications available in the databases of the National Library of Medicine (NIH - PubMed), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) and Scholar Google for the last 20 years was carried out, prioritizing publications from the last 5 years. Summary of the data : Considering that DM is a chronic metabolic disease under the influence of genetic variants and often associated with environmental interactions, with high epidemiological rates of incidence and prevalence in Brazil and in the world and with several limitations in clinical and diagnostic practice, tools Gene editing innovators have the potential to contribute positively to the problem of DM such as CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR is a site-specific gene manipulation system guided by RNA and inspired by the functioning of the bacterial immune system that has shown promising results for the study of several diseases. Conclusion : The CRISPR-Cas9 system, despite some technical and ethical limitations, is promising due to its sensitivity and specificity, being an alternative to classic methods for understanding the genetic and pathophysiological bases of DM and which allows the development and application of study models applied to the elucidation of new and more efficient diagnosis and treatment strategies. Keywords : diabetes mellitus; crispr-cas9; diagnosis; therapeutics; gene editing.