Bartoli’s Heat Engine Working With Zero‐Point Electromagnetic Radiation

We have modified Bartoli’s heat engine driven by electromagnetic zero point radiation, an essentially macroscopic quantum device finite in geometrical sense, in order to make a thought experiment testing the limits of applicability of the second law of thermodynamics on such systems. It was shown that the local application of the second law of thermodynamics on a quantum (because of entanglement necessarily open) system, is not legitimate and may lead to paradoxical conclusions.