Effectiveness of Conventional Crop Improvement Strategies vs. Omics

World’s population is increasing exponentially and it is expected to be doubled by the year 2050. In many developing countries and rural areas, malnourishment is also making the condition worse. Conventional crop improvemnt strategies e.g. breeding have been used by farmers since ages, but these approaches are not well efficient to get our targets of having more yield, high quality and nutritional food to feed the rapidly growing population. In this chapter, we have summarized the importance and use of Omics-based strategies e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and interactomics, for crop improvements. Omics based approaches have opened the doors to improve the varieties with high yield and enhanced nutritional value, together with herbicide and other stresses resistance ability By overcoming few challenges related to the application of Omics in agriculture, this could be the best option to confront with the current needs and future food demands of the exceeding population.