Formaldehyde Detection with Chemical Gas Sensors Based on WO3 Nanowires Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles under Dark Conditions and UV Light Irradiation

Abstract We report results of formaldehyde gas (CH2O) detection under dark conditions and UV light irradiation with pristine tungsten trioxide nanowires (WO3 NWs) and metal nanoparticles decorated WO3 NWs gas sensing layers. The resistive layers were deposited by one step aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) on commercial alumina substrates with 10-pair interdigitated platinum electrodes. The elaborated gas sensors, based on pristine WO3 and on WO3 decorated with Au, Pt, Au/Pt, Ni and Fe nanoparticles, were investigated towards three concentrations of formaldehyde gas (5, 10 and 15 ppm) under dark conditions and under UV light irradiation at the wavelength of 394 nm. Two main effects were observed: firstly, under UV light irradiation the response time for CH2O desorption was significantly reduced with the exception of the nanomaterial with Fe NPs dopant; secondly, the gas induced baseline shift was reduced under UV light irradiation conditions. These results can be explained by the additional energy induced by the UV light, accelerating the adsorption-desorption processes. The results obtained confirmed that both the decoration of WO3 NWs with selected metal nanoparticles as well as sensors operation under UV light irradiation are a practical and affordable way to enhance gas sensing towards formaldehyde detection, although both strategies applied together did not introduce an amplified synergetic effect.