Tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) roots secrete oxalic acid and caffeine into medium containing aluminum

We examined the response of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) to aluminum (Al) exposure under sterile conditions, focusing specifically on the secretion of low molecular mass organic compounds from roots. After germination in agar medium, tea seedlings together with medium were placed on agar containing 0.4 mM Al with 0.2% hematoxyline (hematoxylin-Al medium). The purple color of the hematoxylin-Al medium was observed to fade gradually, until none of the color remained 6 days later. The tea seedlings were then treated with simple calcium solution (0.2 mM, at pH 4.2) containing AlCl3, which ranged in concentration from 0 to 0.8 mM, for 24 hrs. The amount of oxalate secreted into the medium increased as the external Al concentration increased, while the concentrations of malate and citrate in the medium remained unchanged. Oxalate secretion started within 30 min after Al exposure and increased linearly thereafter. The findings demonstrated that oxalate was a key compound in the Al-tolerance mechanism emp...