POTENCIAL FUNGITÓXICO DE ÓLEOS VOLÁTEIS E EXTRATOS VEGETAIS NO CONTROLE ALTERNATIVO IN VITRO DE FUNGOS DOS GÊNEROS Aspergillus E Fusarium

The environmental problems caused by synthetic fungicides are required new study and research by alternative methods of controlling plant diseases. A present research with the objective of an in vitro antifungal activity of volatile oils and extracts of Foeniculum vulgare (Mill.), Mentha piperita L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. against the fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Fusarium and to evaluate an influence of the oils and extracts on a germination of the surface seed (Lactuca sativa). The plant material was collected in a house (28°16’41,4”S e 54°16’13,0”W) in Santo Ângelo, RS. Extracts were prepared by means of maceration, with a yield of 5.4%, the oils were acquired commercially and not so many dissipated. The disc diffusion method of filter paper was used to evaluate an action of inhibition of oils and extracts against fungi. The oils presented better results for the genus Aspergillus, and the extracts were more efficient against the fungi of the genus Fusarium. The oil with the best inhibitory activity was Mentha piperita L., already about the extracts of Foeniculum vulgare (Mill). Both extracts and oleum except for oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. did not present allelopathy without a germination test. The present study, therefore, suggests a possibility of the use of oil for control of storage fungi and extract for control of crop fungus.