An Ultra-Wide Range Bi-Directional Transceiver With Adaptive Power Control Using Background Replica VCO Gain Calibration

A transceiver with adaptive power control using a process and frequency monitor (PFM) is proposed. The PFM employs gain calibration with a replica voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and operates in the background. A five-bit digital code detected by the VCO gain calibration is applied to an adaptive-amplitude driver, an adaptive-bandwidth receiver, and an adaptive-bandwidth phase-locked loop. A test chip was fabricated in a 110-nm CMOS process and achieved adaptive power control over a wide frequency range (0.05 to 3.4 Gb/s). At data rate of 100 Mb/s, the measured power consumption attained with adaptive power control was 75% lower than that attained with a conventional architecture without adaptive power control.