A Digital Frequency Adaptive Synchronization Unit for On- and Off-Grid Systems

This paper presents the analysis and implementation details of a frequency adaptive synchronization unit (FASU) capable of extracting the positive, negative, and zero sequence components of a three-phase signal as well as real-time tracking of the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the positive sequence component. The FASU consists of three subsystems: First, a sequence component extractor block based on a fast retrieval technique, second, a zero-crossing peak detection system with dynamic dc compensation and, third, a frequency adaptive multi-input multioutput low-pass finite-impulse response filter. The frequency adaptive filter is able to provide filtering of the positive sequence component over a wide frequency range (40–2000 Hz), in the presence of significant input signal distortion (total harmonic distortion as high as 100%). The system achieves a worst case transient response time of one and a half-cycle of the input period, in the event of input transients such as balanced/unbalanced amplitude sags and swells, balanced/unbalanced phase steps, and positive/negative frequency ramps (up to 700 Hz/s). The proposed system is suitable for use in islanded microgrids, in the aerospace industry, and as a phasor measurement unit. The system is implemented as a proof of concept on a field programmable gate array hardware platform.