Risk stratification and skin testing to guide re-exposure in taxane-induced hypersensitivity reactions

Background The optimal approach to patients with hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to taxanes has not been established. Objective We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of risk stratification based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin testing for guiding taxane reintroduction in patients with an HSR to these agents. Methods Data on 164 patients treated for a taxane-related HSR from April 2011 to August 2014 at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital were collected retrospectively. Patients were re-exposed to taxanes either through desensitization, challenge, or regular infusion based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin test response. Depending on the initial risk stratification and tolerance to re-exposure, patients were then treated with shorter desensitization protocols, challenge, or both with the aim of resuming regular infusions, except in patients with a severe immediate initial HSR. Results Of 138 patients desensitized, 29 (21%) had an immediate and 20 (14%) had a delayed HSR with the procedure. Of 49 patients challenged, 2 (4%) had a mild immediate and 1 (2%) had a delayed HSR with the procedure. No patients had a severe immediate HSR with desensitization or challenge. Thirty-six (22%) patients eventually resumed regular infusions. These patients were more likely to have negative skin test responses and to have experienced a delayed or mild immediate initial HSR. Conclusions Risk stratification based on the severity of the initial HSR and skin testing to guide taxane reintroduction is safe and allows a significant number of patients to resume regular infusions.