Female gender and post-ERCP pancreatitis: Is the association caused by difficult cannulation?

Abstract Objective. Female gender is a well-known risk factor for the development of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis, but the underlying mechanism for this increased risk has remained unknown. We hypothesize that cannulation difficulty might play a part in this association. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the female papilla is more difficult to cannulate than the male papilla. Material and methods. Prospective data collection with emphasis on cannulation was conducted in 364 consecutive biliary ERCP procedures performed by very experienced ERCP endoscopists through native papilla in a tertiary referral university hospital. Results. Although the cannulation times seemed to be longer and alternative cannulation techniques seemed to be needed more frequently for successful cannulation in female than male patients, no statistically significant differences (p = 0.061 and 0.054, respectively) in the cannulation process could be found between the gend...