Case Studies in Cellular Stress: Defining Adversity/Adaptation Tipping Points

Abstract Between February 15 and 17, 2016, a workshop was held in London, hosted by Unilever's Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, which sought to explore determinations of cellular stress as part of the data required for next-generation risk assessments, considering how to define tipping points between adverse and adaptive events in response to chemical agents. This event brought together a significant group of scientists and risk assessors, all of whom were involved in developing such safety assessments, to review the science. Over 3 days, the group reflected on their collective experience and sought to make some conclusions on ways forward to further develop this area; considering current thinking and vision for the use and acceptance of cellular stress pathways for safety assessment.