Nonlinear microscopy for detection of prostate cancer: analysis of sensitivity and specificity in radical prostatectomies

Intraoperative evaluation of specimens during radical prostatectomy using frozen sections can be time and labor intensive. Nonlinear microscopy (NLM) is a fluorescence microscopy technique that can rapidly generate images that closely resemble HE 95% confidence interval) and 100.0% (97.0–100.0%), respectively. Interobserver agreement for NLM reading had a Fleiss κ = 0.95. The high cancer detection accuracy and rapid specimen preparation suggest that NLM may be useful for intraoperative evaluation in radical prostatectomy.