Prevalencia de diabetes gestacional e identificación de factores y resultados materno-perinatales asociados en Colombia, tras la implementación de los nuevos criterios de la IADPSG

Introduction: The timely diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes (GD) and the adequate control of associated risk factors allows reducing its negative impact on maternal and perinatal health.Objective: To determine the prevalence of GD in a tertiary care hospital in Colombia and to identify the risk factors associated with this condition, as well as the maternal-perinatal outcomes in this population, following the implementation of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in which a secondary data analysis was carried out. By means of consecutive sampling, 533 pregnant women with GD who gave birth at the Hospital Universitario San Jose in Popayan, Colombia, between July 2017 and March 2018, were included. Social, biological, and psychological variables were analyzed. To identify the risk factors and associated maternal-perinatal outcomes, Odds Ratio was used as a measure of association (CI:95%). In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed to control for confounding factors.Results: The prevalence of GD was 16.32% (95%CI:13.28-19.73). The following risk factors associated with GD were identified: age >35 (OR=2.26; 95%CI:1.23-4.14), indigenous race (OR=6.60; 95%CI:1.17-37.15), BMI >30 (OR=2. 26; 95%CI:1.23-4.14), history of fetal macrosomia (OR=10.07; 95%CI: 1.50-67.34), and family history of diabetes mellitus (OR=3.17; 95%CI:1.39-7.22). Regarding maternal-perinatal outcomes, a significant association was found with labor induction (OR=4.41; 95%CI:1.71-11.39), emergency Cesarean section (OR=2.22; 95%CI:1.33-3.73), elective Cesarean section (OR=2.79; 95%CI:1.51-5.18), macrosomia by percentile >90 (OR=2.78; 95%CI:1.29-5.98), and neonatal hospitalization (OR=8.1; IC95%:4.48-18.62).Conclusions: The prevalence of GD reported here is higher than the prevalence described in other works conducted in Colombia, but similar to most studies that have followed the IADPSG criteria. Likewise, the risk factors and maternal-perinatal outcomes that had a statistically significant association with GD reported by us are similar to those described in most of the studies that were consulted.