The MACH HI absorption survey I: Physical conditions of cold atomic gas outside of the Galactic plane

Tracing the transition between the diffuse atomic interstellar medium (ISM) and cold, dense gas is crucial for deciphering the star formation cycle in galaxies. Here we present MACH, a new survey of cold neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption at $21\rm\,cm$ by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. We target 42 bright background sources with $60 0.001$ are ubiquitous ($c\sim100\%$), whereas high optical depths ($\tau>1$) are extremely rare ($c\sim0\%$).