Passive cavity surface-emitting lasers: option of temperature-insensitive lasing wavelength for uncooled dense wavelength division multiplexing systems

A concept of passive cavity surface–emitting laser is proposed aimed to control the temperature shift of the lasing wavelength. The device contains an all–semiconductor bottom distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), in which the active medium is placed, a dielectric resonant cavity and a dielectric top DBR, wherein at least one of the dielectric materials has a negative temperature coefficient of the refractive index, dn/dT < 0. This is shown to be the case for commonly used dielectric systems SiO 2 /TiO 2 and SiO 2 /Ta 2 O 5 . Two SiO 2 /TiO 2 resonant structures having a cavity either of SiO 2 or TiO 2 were deposited on a substrate, their optical power reflectance spectra were measured at various temperatures, and refractive index temperature coefficients were extracted, dn/dT = 0.0021 K -1 for SiO 2 and dn/dT = –0.0092 K -1 for TiO 2 . Using such dielectric materials allows designing passive cavity surface–emitting lasers having on purpose either positive, or zero, or negative temperature shift of the lasing wavelength dλ/dT. A design for temperature–insensitive lasing wavelength (dλ/dT = 0) is proposed. Employing devices with temperature–insensitive lasing wavelength in wavelength division multiplexing systems may allow significant reducing of the spectral separation between transmission channels and an increase in number of channels for a defined spectral interval enabling low cost energy efficient uncooled devices.