The surgical treatment of diabetic foot complications

: Neuropathic foot ulcers are the leading cause of hospitalization and major limb amputations among diabetic patients. The role of surgery is recognized as an important adjunct in their treatment and prevention. Surgical procedures for non-infected ulcers are indicated when conservative treatment fails and include surgical off-loading and wound closure procedures. Surgical procedures for infected ulcers are often urgent, including drainage, debridement, partial foot and major limb amputations. Preventive reconstructive surgery is indicated when conservative treatment fails. These reconstructive procedures are aimed to decrease pressure over the areas at risk and to achieve a stable plantigrade foot that can be successfully managed with custom shoes and/or braces.