Transparent fluorescent sialon ceramic and method for producing same

Provided are a transparent fluorescent sialon ceramic having fluorescence and optical transparency, and a method for producing same. This type of transparent fluorescent sialon ceramic comprises a sialon phosphor that contains a matrix comprising a silicon nitride compound represented by general formula M x (Si, Al) y (N,O) z (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, 0 ≤ x/z < 3, 0 < y/z < 1) and contains a luminescent center element.