The geological context of paleo-lakes and Pleistocene birds at Ulupau Head

A method for the separation of companion elements of a nonferrous metal dissolved in a liquid bath, particularly in copper, through conversion of the companion elements into compounds which are insoluble in the liquid metal, includes blowing-on of reaction gases. More specifically, the reaction gases are blown on through at least one gas jet approximately perpendicularly to the essentially smooth bath surface and with such great force that the melt, rotating essentially like a torus about the blower impression located at the stagnation point of the jet together with the gas jet, results in a reaction unit with definite material transition, limited by the convection conditions of the system.