Brucella meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus masquerading as tuberculosis

Abstract Neurobrucellosis is a rare form of localized brucellosis usually with no systemic manifestations. We report a rare case of brucellosis presenting as meningoencephalitis associated with hydrocephalus. This patient had a lymphocytic predominant CSF and was initially treated with empirical anti tubercular therapy and steroids. A week later, when his CSF culture grew Brucella species, the treatment was changed to a combination of streptomycin, doxycycline and rifampicin and the patient improved with this therapy. This case illustrates the need to consider neurobrucellosis as a close differential diagnosis of neurotuberculosis in endemic areas when the patient presents with meningo encephalitis with lymphocytic CSF