Implication of Other Noncoding RNAs in Cancer

Abstract The discovery of the biological relevance of noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) represents one of the most significant advances in contemporary molecular biology. Profiling of human tumors, based on the expression of microRNAs and other classes of short or long ncRNAs, has identified signatures associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment in wide range of cancers. Also the experimental evidence showing functional involvement of ncRNAs in cancer pathogenesis is continuously increasing. MicroRNAs, PIWI-interacting RNAs, circular RNAs, long ncRNAs are the most frequently studied ncRNAs, and there are hundreds of review papers summarizing their significance in cancer. Here, we discuss the recent remarkable advancement in understanding the biological functioning in cancer of the less-studied human ncRNAs such as small nucleolar RNAs, telomeric repeat-containing RNAs, and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs.