CPU consumption for AM/FM audio effects

In this paper we present an assessment of the computational performance regarding the use of the AM/FM decomposition framework for the design and implementation of audio effects. The equations and intuitions are reviewed and audio examples are provided, alongside Csound code for real-time implementation. Two types of hardware and several computer music techniques were considered for the comparisons. We also introduce sqENVerb, a novel inexpensive reverb-enhancer effect.