L- and M-shell ionization cross sections determined from X-ray production in Gd and Sn by 50-300 keV proton bombardment

A Si(Li) detector with an ultra-thin window was used to measure L and M x-ray spectra from the impact of 50-300 keV protons on thick targets of Gd and Sn. Partial sub-shell ionization cross sections were determined from analysis of the L x-rays, and for the M x-rays from Gd; only total M-shell cross sections could be obtained for Sn. The results will be compared with the PWBA and ECPSSR theories.