Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among Negative Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA)

Abstract Objective: Pers isten ce of high-risk HPVinfectio n is known to be the major cause of cervi cal cancer. It is important to differentiate the genotype of HPV infection, whether it is high, intermed iate or low risk The aim of th is study was to assess th e prevalenc e of high-risk HPVtypes among Indonesian women with negative VIA Method:We analyzed cervical swabs from 1,214 patients with negative VIA By using INNO-Lipa HPV DNA test, we detected th e HPV DNAand its genotype. Result: From the 1,214 women with negative VIA, 48 (3.95%) samples were confirmed to have positive HPV DNAby using PCR and electrophoresis. However, hyb ridization test we re not able to detect HPV genotypes in 9 samples. These 9 samples were tested again with PCR and electrophoresis and resulted in negative HPV DNA Among the remaining 39 samples (3.21%), we detected 19 types of HPV, consisting of 13 types of high -risk HPV, 5 types oflow-risk HPV, and 1 type of unknown HPV (type X). Conclusion: Among patients with negative VIA,3.21% was found to be positive for HPV DNA. From this percentage, the pr evalence of high-risk HPVis higher than the low-risk and unknown HPV. Therefore we cannot ignore results of negative VIA, particularly in highrisk group, because there is a sligh t possibility that presence of HPV can be identified, especially the high risk ones wh ich have a tendency to be persistent We support the importance of HPVDNAtest as cervical cancer screening method. Keywords: cervical cancer, high-risk HPV,negative VIA