Nyeri dan Sistem Imun: Sejauh Mana Keterkaitannya Suatu Tinjauan Biomolekuler

Pain as defined by international Association for Study of Pain (ISP), can be defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experince associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Pain can be clinically classified as either nociceptive or neuropathic, although in practice these may coexist. Pain was clssically viewed clinically classified as either nociceptive or neuropathic, although in practice these may coexist. Pain was classically viewed as being medicated solely by neurons. However, it is now recognized that pain and its modulation are not solely medicated by neurosons but also involved in neuroimmune interaction. The immune system is involved in neuroimmune interaction. The immune system is involved especially when nerve damage is due to an infection process or and spinal cord. Astrocytes and microglia have not only generally been viewed as cells with the major function of activation in respone to centrifugal hypertalgesia circuitry but they are also immunocompetent cellsand thus can respond like immune cells within the central nervous system. Many of the substances that can be released from astrocytes and microglia are known to be key mediators of hyperalgesia, including nitric oxide (NO0, excitatory amino acids (both N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-NMDA agonists), interleukin (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), prostaglandins, and nerve growth factor (NCF). The current pharmacological mainstays of clinical management for neuropathic pain are tricyclic antidepressants and certain anticonvulsants. Opioids are atill the drugs that target the glia and its released chemical substances are predicted to be powerful remedies for pain problems.