Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair

For years, subscapularis tendon tears have been considered a relatively rare diagnosis with an incidence of 3.5%-8% among all rotator cuff tears. In recent years, however, the incidence of subscapularis tears has increased to 37%. This significant change has been mostly associated with a better understanding of anatomy and physical examination, improved radiographic imaging, and more prevalent use of arthroscopic technology. The purpose of this article is to provide a step-by-step outline of the latest evidence-based practice for arthroscopic subscapularis repair. We discuss the type of lesions, the anatomy of the subscapularis muscle, and its function. Furthermore, this article describes the mechanism of injury, physical examination findings, diagnostic tools and imaging, and treatment options available. The sections elaborate on arthroscopic surgical technique and key points in the postoperative rehabilitation process.